Free PLR Content Marketing Missouri: September 2016

Wednesday, 28 September 2016

Mimor

Mimor may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Mimor

Letrozole

Letrozole is reported as an ingredient of Mimor in the following countries:

Greece

International Drug Name Search

Prazidec

Prazidec may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Prazidec

Omeprazole

Omeprazole is reported as an ingredient of Prazidec in the following countries:

Mexico

International Drug Name Search

Tuesday, 27 September 2016

Clotrimazole Inserts

Pronunciation: kloe-TRIM-a-zole
Generic Name: Clotrimazole
Brand Name: Gyne-Lotrimin and Mycelex-7

Clotrimazole Inserts are used for:

Treating vaginal yeast infections.

Clotrimazole Inserts are an antifungal agent. It works by weakening the cell membrane of the fungus, resulting in the death of the fungus.

Do NOT use Clotrimazole Inserts if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in Clotrimazole Inserts

you have never had a vaginal yeast infection diagnosed by a doctor

you have itching caused by a condition other than a yeast infection

you have stomach, shoulder, or lower back pain; fever; chills; nausea; foul-smelling vaginal discharge; or vomiting

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Clotrimazole Inserts:

Some medical conditions may interact with Clotrimazole Inserts. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have the blood disease porphyria or a history of liver disease or diabetes, or you have been exposed to HIV

if this is the first time you have had vaginal itching and discomfort

if you have vaginal yeast infections often (eg, your symptoms return within 2 months) or your symptoms do not clear up with treatment

if you are taking antibiotics

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Clotrimazole Inserts. However, no specific interactions with Clotrimazole Inserts are known at this time.

Ask your health care provider if Clotrimazole Inserts may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Clotrimazole Inserts:

Use Clotrimazole Inserts as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

An extra patient leaflet is available with Clotrimazole Inserts. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.

Clotrimazole Inserts are for vaginal use only. Do not use it rectally or take by mouth.

Using the applicator provided, insert 1 suppository high into the vagina at bedtime for 7 days.

Some forms of this product come with 7 disposable applicators. If this product contains disposable applicators, throw away each applicator after use.

Some forms of this product come with one applicator to be used for all 7 days of treatment. If this product contains only one applicator, do not throw it away after use. Separate the pieces of the applicator and wash with warm, soapy water immediately after use. Rinse thoroughly. Make sure the applicator is completely dry before the next use.

Wash your hands immediately after using Clotrimazole Inserts.

To clear up your infection completely, use Clotrimazole Inserts for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.

If you miss a dose of Clotrimazole Inserts, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Clotrimazole Inserts.

Important safety information:

Clotrimazole Inserts are for vaginal use only. Avoid contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. If you get Clotrimazole Inserts in your eyes, flush with a generous amount of cool water.

Be sure to use Clotrimazole Inserts for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The bacteria could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.

If your symptoms do not improve within 3 days, if they last more than 7 days, or if they get worse, check with your doctor.

Do not use Clotrimazole Inserts for itching caused by other conditions.

Dry the outside vaginal area completely after showering, bathing, or swimming. Do not go swimming for at least 9 to 12 hours after applying Clotrimazole Inserts. Change out of wet bathing suits or damp workout clothes as soon as possible.

Continue using Clotrimazole Inserts even during your menstrual period. Do not use tampons while you are using Clotrimazole Inserts or until all of your symptoms go away. Use unscented pads or pantiliners.

Do not have vaginal sexual intercourse while you are using Clotrimazole Inserts.

Clotrimazole Inserts may decrease the effectiveness of condoms and diaphragms, increasing the chance of pregnancy or risk of sexually transmitted disease.

Do not use tampons, douches, spermicides, or other vaginal products while using Clotrimazole Inserts.

If you use topical products too often, your condition may become worse.

Clotrimazole Inserts should not be used in CHILDREN younger than 12 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Clotrimazole Inserts while you are pregnant. It is not known if Clotrimazole Inserts are found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Clotrimazole Inserts, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Clotrimazole Inserts:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Mild vaginal burning, irritation, or itching.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); fever or chills; foul-smelling vaginal discharge; nausea; severe or prolonged vaginal burning, irritation, or itching; stomach pain; swelling; vomiting.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Clotrimazole Inserts:

Store Clotrimazole Inserts at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Avoid temperatures above 86 degrees F (30 degrees C). Avoid freezing. Do not store in the bathroom. Do not use if the wrapper on the applicator or suppository is torn or damaged. Keep Clotrimazole Inserts out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about Clotrimazole Inserts, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Clotrimazole Inserts are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Clotrimazole Inserts. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More Clotrimazole resources

Clotrimazole Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Clotrimazole Support Group
2 Reviews for Clotrimazole - Add your own review/rating

Compare Clotrimazole with other medications

Cutaneous Candidiasis
Tinea Corporis
Tinea Cruris
Tinea Pedis
Tinea Versicolor
Vaginal Yeast Infection

Fluinol Spray Nasal Acuoso

Fluinol Spray Nasal Acuoso may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Fluinol Spray Nasal Acuoso

Fluticasone

Fluticasone propionate (a derivative of Fluticasone) is reported as an ingredient of Fluinol Spray Nasal Acuoso in the following countries:

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Cetlertec

Cetlertec may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Cetlertec

Cetirizine

Cetirizine dihydrochloride (a derivative of Cetirizine) is reported as an ingredient of Cetlertec in the following countries:

Bulgaria

International Drug Name Search

Sulfona

Sulfona may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Sulfona

Dapsone

Dapsone is reported as an ingredient of Sulfona in the following countries:

Spain

International Drug Name Search

Anvistat

Anvistat may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Anvistat

Atorvastatin

Atorvastatin calcium (a derivative of Atorvastatin) is reported as an ingredient of Anvistat in the following countries:

Russian Federation

International Drug Name Search

Tronheim

Tronheim may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Tronheim

Tofisopam

Tofisopam is reported as an ingredient of Tronheim in the following countries:

Japan

International Drug Name Search

K-Nase

K-Nase may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for K-Nase

Streptokinase

Streptokinase is reported as an ingredient of K-Nase in the following countries:

Peru

International Drug Name Search

Monday, 26 September 2016

Cenogen Ultra

Generic Name: prenatal multivitamins (PRE nay tal VYE ta mins)

Brand Names: Advance Care Plus, Bright Beginnings, Cavan Folate, Cavan One, Cavan-Heme OB, Cenogen Ultra, CitraNatal Rx, Co Natal FA, Complete Natal DHA, Complete-RF, CompleteNate, Concept OB, Docosavit, Dualvit OB, Duet, Edge OB, Elite OB 400, Femecal OB, Folbecal, Folcaps Care One, Folivan-OB, Foltabs, Gesticare, Icar Prenatal, Icare Prenatal Rx, Inatal Advance, Infanate DHA, Kolnatal DHA, Lactocal-F, Marnatal-F, Maternity, Maxinate, Mission Prenatal, Multi-Nate 30, Multinatal Plus, Nata 29 Prenatal, Natachew, Natafort, Natelle, Neevo, Nestabs, Nexa Select with DHA, Novanatal, NovaStart, O-Cal Prenatal, OB Complete, OB Natal One, Ob-20, Obtrex DHA, OptiNate, Paire OB Plus DHA, PNV Select, PNV-Total, PR Natal 400, Pre-H-Cal, Precare, PreferaOB, Premesis Rx, PrenaCare, PrenaFirst, PrenaPlus, Prenatabs OBN, Prenatabs Rx, Prenatal 1 Plus 1, Prenatal Elite, Prenatal Multivitamins, Prenatal Plus, Prenatal S, Prenatal-U, Prenate Advanced Formula, Prenate DHA, Prenate Elite, Prenavite FC, PreNexa, PreQue 10, Previte Rx, PrimaCare, Pruet DHA, RE OB Plus DHA, Renate, RightStep, Rovin-NV, Se-Care, Se-Natal One, Se-Plete DHA, Se-Tan DHA, Select-OB, Seton ET, Strongstart, Stuart Prenatal with Beta Carotene, Tandem OB, Taron-BC, Tri Rx, TriAdvance, TriCare, Trimesis Rx, Trinate, Triveen-PRx RNF, UltimateCare Advance, Ultra-Natal, Vemavite PRX 2, VeNatal FA, Verotin-BY, Verotin-GR, Vinacal OR, Vinatal Forte, Vinate Advanced (New Formula), Vinate AZ, Vinate Care, Vinate Good Start, Vinate II (New Formula), Vinate III, Vinate One, Vitafol-OB, VitaNatal OB plus DHA, Vitaphil, Vitaphil Aide, Vitaphil Plus DHA, Vitaspire, Viva DHA, Vol-Nate, Vol-Plus, Vol-Tab Rx, Vynatal F.A., Zatean-CH, Zatean-PN

What are Cenogen Ultra (prenatal multivitamins)?

There are many brands and forms of prenatal vitamin available and not all brands are listed on this leaflet.

Prenatal vitamins are a combination of many different vitamins that are normally found in foods and other natural sources.

Prenatal vitamins are used to provide the additional vitamins needed during pregnancy. Minerals may also be contained in prenatal multivitamins.

Prenatal vitamins may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about prenatal vitamins?

There are many brands and forms of prenatal vitamin available and not all brands are listed on this leaflet.

Never take more than the recommended dose of a multivitamin. Avoid taking any other multivitamin product within 2 hours before or after you take your prenatal vitamins. Taking similar vitamin products together at the same time can result in a vitamin overdose or serious side effects.

Many multivitamin products also contain minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. Read the label of any multivitamin product you take to make sure you are aware of what it contains.

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An overdose of vitamins A, D, E, or K can cause serious or life-threatening side effects and can also harm your unborn baby. Certain minerals contained in a prenatal multivitamin may also cause serious overdose symptoms or harm to the baby if you take too much.

Overdose symptoms may include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite, hair loss, peeling skin, tingly feeling in or around your mouth, changes in menstrual periods, weight loss, severe headache, muscle or joint pain, severe back pain, blood in your urine, pale skin, and easy bruising or bleeding.

Do not take this medication with milk, other dairy products, calcium supplements, or antacids that contain calcium. Calcium may make it harder for your body to absorb certain ingredients of the multivitamin.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking prenatal vitamins?

Many vitamins can cause serious or life-threatening side effects if taken in large doses. Do not take more of this medication than directed on the label or prescribed by your doctor.

Before taking prenatal vitamins, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions.

You may need to continue taking prenatal vitamins if you breast-feed your baby. Ask your doctor about taking this medication while breast-feeding.

How should I take prenatal vitamins?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Never take more than the recommended dose of prenatal vitamins.

Take your prenatal vitamin with a full glass of water.

Swallow the regular tablet or capsule whole. Do not break, chew, crush, or open it.

The chewable tablet must be chewed or allowed to dissolve in your mouth before swallowing. You may also allow the chewable tablet to dissolve in drinking water, fruit juice, or infant formula (but not milk or other dairy products). Drink this mixture right away.

Use prenatal vitamins regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep prenatal vitamins in their original container. Storing vitamins in a glass container can ruin the medication.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

What should I avoid while taking prenatal vitamins?

Avoid taking any other multivitamin product within 2 hours before or after you take your prenatal vitamins. Taking similar vitamin products together at the same time can result in a vitamin overdose or serious side effects.

Avoid the regular use of salt substitutes in your diet if your multivitamin contains potassium. If you are on a low-salt diet, ask your doctor before taking a vitamin or mineral supplement.

Prenatal vitamins side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

When taken as directed, prenatal vitamins are not expected to cause serious side effects. Less serious side effects may include:

upset stomach;

headache; or

unusual or unpleasant taste in your mouth.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect prenatal vitamins?

Vitamin and mineral supplements can interact with certain medications, or affect how medications work in your body. Before taking a prenatal vitamin, tell your doctor if you also use:

diuretics (water pills);

heart or blood pressure medications;

tretinoin (Vesanoid);

isotretinoin (Accutane, Amnesteen, Clavaris, Sotret);

trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Cotrim, Bactrim, Gantanol, Gantrisin, Septra, TMP/SMX); or

an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Treximet), celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), indomethacin (Indocin), meloxicam (Mobic), and others.

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with prenatal vitamins. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Cenogen Ultra resources

Cenogen Ultra Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Cenogen Ultra Drug Interactions
Cenogen Ultra Support Group
0 Reviews for Cenogen Ultra - Add your own review/rating

Cal-Nate MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

CareNatal DHA MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

CitraNatal 90 DHA MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

CitraNatal Assure Prescribing Information (FDA)

CitraNatal Harmony Prescribing Information (FDA)

Concept DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

Docosavit Prescribing Information (FDA)

Duet DHA with Ferrazone MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Folbecal MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Folcal DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

Folcaps Care One Prescribing Information (FDA)

Gesticare DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

Gesticare DHA MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Inatal Advance Prescribing Information (FDA)

Inatal Ultra Prescribing Information (FDA)

Multi-Nate DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

Multi-Nate DHA Extra Prescribing Information (FDA)

MultiNatal Plus MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Natelle One Prescribing Information (FDA)

Neevo Caplets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Neevo DHA MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

OB Complete 400 MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Paire OB Plus DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

PreNexa MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

PreNexa Prescribing Information (FDA)

PreferaOB Prescribing Information (FDA)

Prenatal Plus Prescribing Information (FDA)

Prenatal Plus Iron Prescribing Information (FDA)

Prenate Elite Prescribing Information (FDA)

Prenate Elite MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Prenate Elite tablets

Prenate Essential Prescribing Information (FDA)

PrimaCare Advantage MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

PrimaCare ONE capsules

PrimaCare One MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Renate DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

Se-Natal 19 Chewable Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Se-Natal 19 Prescribing Information (FDA)

Tandem DHA Prescribing Information (FDA)

Tandem OB Prescribing Information (FDA)

TriAdvance Prescribing Information (FDA)

Triveen-One MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Triveen-PRx RNF Prescribing Information (FDA)

UltimateCare ONE NF Prescribing Information (FDA)

Ultra NatalCare MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Vinate AZ Prescribing Information (FDA)

Vitafol-One MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Zatean-CH Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Cenogen Ultra with other medications

Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation during Pregnancy/Lactation

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about prenatal vitamins.

Lacosamide

In the US, Lacosamide (lacosamide systemic) is a member of the drug class miscellaneous anticonvulsants and is used to treat Seizures.

US matches:

Lacosamide

Lacosamide Tablets

Lacosamide Intravenous

Scheme

Rec.INN

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

N03AX18

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

0175481-36-4

Chemical Formula

C13-H18-N2-O3

Molecular Weight

250

Therapeutic Categories

Antiepileptic agent

Analgesic

Anticonvulsant agent

Chemical Names

(R)-2-(acetylamino)-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamid (IUPAC)

(+)-(2R)-2-(acetylamino)-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide

(2R)-2-(acetylamino)-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide (WHO)

Propanamide, 2-(acetylamino)-3-methoxy-N-(phenylmethyl)-, (2R)- (USAN)

Foreign Names

Lacosamidum (Latin)
Lacosamid (German)
Lacosamide (French)
Lacosamida (Spanish)

Generic Names

Lacosamide (OS: USAN)
ADD 243037 (IS)
Erlosamide (IS)
Harkoseride (IS)
SPM 927 (IS: SchwarzPharma)

Brand Names

Vimpat
Schwarz, United States; UCB, Austria; UCB, Australia; UCB, Germany; UCB, Spain; UCB, France; UCB, Sweden; UCB, United States; UCB Pharma, United Kingdom; UCB-Pharma, Switzerland

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

IUPAC	International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
IS	Inofficial Synonym
OS	Official Synonym
Rec.INN	Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)
USAN	United States Adopted Name
WHO	World Health Organization

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

clotrimazole

Generic Name: clotrimazole (kloe TRIM a zole)

Brand Names: Mycelex Troche

What is clotrimazole?

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication. It is like an antibiotic but is used to treat yeast (fungal) infections.

Oral clotrimazole is used to treat and prevent yeast infections of the mouth and throat.

Clotrimazole may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about clotrimazole?

Take all of the clotrimazole that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may begin to improve before the infection is completely treated.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking clotrimazole?

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have liver disease. You may not be able to take clotrimazole, or you may need a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment.

Clotrimazole is not absorbed through your stomach. It will not treat fungal infections in any part of your body other than your mouth and throat. Talk to your doctor if you have another type of fungal infection such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, or a vaginal yeast infection.

Oral clotrimazole is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether clotrimazole will harm an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. It is not known whether clotrimazole will harm a nursing baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. The safety and effectiveness of clotrimazole have not been established for children younger than 3 years of age.

How should I take clotrimazole?

Take clotrimazole exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

The troches should be allowed to dissolve slowly in your mouth. Suck on one troche at a time until it is completely dissolved, usually 30 minutes.

Do not chew or swallow the troches whole.

The troches are usually used five times a day. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Store clotrimazole at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of a clotrimazole overdose are unknown.

What should I avoid while taking clotrimazole?

There are no restrictions on foods, beverages, or activities during treatment with clotrimazole unless your doctor directs otherwise.

Clotrimazole side effects

Stop taking clotrimazole and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives).

Side effects are not likely to occur with clotrimazole. Continue to take clotrimazole and talk to your doctor if you experience

nausea or stomach upset,

vomiting,

itching, or

an unpleasant sensation in the mouth.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Clotrimazole Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Oral Thrush:

Treatment: 10 mg troche orally 5 times a day for 14 days.

Prophylaxis: 10 mg orally 3 times a day for immunosuppressed patients that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or steroid therapy utilized in the treatment of leukemia, solid tumors, or renal transplantation. Continue treatment for the duration of chemotherapy or until steroids are reduced to maintenance levels.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Oral Thrush:

Greater than 3 years:

Treatment: 10 mg troche orally 5 times a day for 14 days.

Prophylaxis: 10 mg orally 3 times a day for immunosuppressed patients that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or steroid therapy utilized in the treatment of leukemia, solid tumors, or renal transplantation. Continue treatment for the duration of chemotherapy or until steroids are reduced to maintenance levels.

What other drugs will affect clotrimazole?

Since clotrimazole is not absorbed by your body, drug interactions are not expected. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

More clotrimazole resources

Clotrimazole Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Clotrimazole Drug Interactions
Clotrimazole Support Group
5 Reviews for Clotrimazole - Add your own review/rating

clotrimazole Mucous membrane, oral Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Clotrimazole Prescribing Information (FDA)

Clotrimazole Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

Clotrimazole Monograph (AHFS DI)

Clotrimazole Cream MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Compare clotrimazole with other medications

Oral Thrush

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist has additional information about clotrimazole written for health professionals that you may read.

Friday, 23 September 2016

CeraLyte Powder Packets

Pronunciation: e-LECK-troe-lite
Generic Name: Electrolyte
Brand Name: CeraLyte

CeraLyte Powder Packets are used for:

Treating or preventing dehydration caused by diarrhea. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

CeraLyte Powder Packets are a carbohydrate and electrolyte combination. It works by replacing electrolytes and carbohydrates in the body to prevent dehydration.

Do NOT use CeraLyte Powder Packets if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in CeraLyte Powder Packets

you have high blood potassium levels

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using CeraLyte Powder Packets:

Some medical conditions may interact with CeraLyte Powder Packets. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have heart failure, fluid retention (eg, swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet), intestinal holes or punctures, difficulty urinating, kidney problems, or unexplained rectal bleeding

if you have severe or persistent vomiting, severe diarrhea, or if you are dehydrated

if you are unable to properly absorb glucose from food

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with CeraLyte Powder Packets. However, no specific interactions with CeraLyte Powder Packets are known at this time.

Ask your health care provider if CeraLyte Powder Packets may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use CeraLyte Powder Packets:

Use CeraLyte Powder Packets as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

Take CeraLyte Powder Packets by mouth with food.

Do not heat CeraLyte Powder Packets.

Briskly stir 1 packet of CeraLyte Powder Packets into 4Â½ cups (1 L) of water until completely dissolved. For a single serving, briskly stir 2 teaspoons of CeraLyte Powder Packets into 7 ounces (200 mL) of water until completely dissolved.

Drink enough of CeraLyte Powder Packets to replace the fluid you are losing through diarrhea. Check with your doctor if you are unsure how much of CeraLyte Powder Packets you should use. Continue to use CeraLyte Powder Packets until diarrhea stops.

Refrigerate any unused solution for up to 24 hours.

If you miss a dose of CeraLyte Powder Packets, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use CeraLyte Powder Packets.

Important safety information:

If vomiting, fever, stomach pain or bloating, or diarrhea that lasts longer than 24 hours occurs, check with your doctor.

CeraLyte Powder Packets should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using CeraLyte Powder Packets while you are pregnant. It is not known if CeraLyte Powder Packets are found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use CeraLyte Powder Packets, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of CeraLyte Powder Packets:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. When used in small doses, no COMMON side effects have been reported with this product. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).

See also: CeraLyte side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of CeraLyte Powder Packets:

Store CeraLyte Powder Packets at room temperature, below 86 degrees F (30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. After mixing, store CeraLyte Powder Packets in the refrigerator, between 36 and 46 degrees F (2 and 8 degrees C). Do not freeze. Throw away any medicine not used within 24 hours. Keep CeraLyte Powder Packets out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about CeraLyte Powder Packets, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

CeraLyte Powder Packets are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about CeraLyte Powder Packets. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More CeraLyte resources

CeraLyte Side Effects (in more detail)
CeraLyte Support Group
0 Reviews · Be the first to review/rate this drug

conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Activella

Alesse

Angeliq

Estinyl

Hemocyte

Loestrin 1/20

Mircette

Ortho-Novum

Prefest

Premphase

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Tablet, Chewable

Uses For conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone are estrogen and progestin hormones. Along with other effects, estrogens help females develop sexually at puberty and regulate the menstrual cycle. Progestin lowers the effect of estrogen on the uterus and keeps estrogen-related problems from developing.

Around the time of menopause, the ovaries produce less estrogen. Estrogens are given to:

Relieve the signs of menopause (vasomotor symptoms of menopause), such as hot flashes and unusual sweating, chills, faintness, or dizziness.

Treat inflammation of the vagina (atrophic vaginitis) and of the genital area (atrophy of the vulva) by keeping these areas from becoming too dry, itchy, or painful.

Prevent the loss of bone that begins at the time of menopause. Keeping bones strong decreases the chance of developing weak bones that easily break (osteoporosis). Estrogen use is most effective when it is taken for more than 7 years while you are getting regular exercise and extra calcium. Protection from bone loss can then last for many years after you stop taking the medicine.

There is no medical evidence to support the belief that the use of estrogens will keep the patient feeling young, keep the skin soft, or delay the appearance of wrinkles. Nor has it been proven that the use of estrogens during menopause will relieve emotional and nervous symptoms, unless these symptoms are related to the menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes.

Progestins are not needed if the uterus has been removed by a surgical method called hysterectomy. In that case, it may be better to receive estrogens alone without the progestin.

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone are available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Geriatric

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone may increase your chance of having a stroke, memory problems, or breast cancer that spreads to other parts of your body.

Pregnancy

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Becoming pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy is not likely to occur around the time of menopause. Tell your doctor right away if you suspect you are pregnant.

Breast Feeding

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone pass into the breast milk. conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone is not recommended for use during breast-feeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these medicines, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with a medication in this class or change some of the other medicines you take.

Boceprevir

Using medicines in this class with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Boceprevir

Felbamate

Isotretinoin

Paclitaxel

Paclitaxel Protein-Bound

Theophylline

Tizanidine

Tranexamic Acid

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Proper Use of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone usually come with patient directions. Read them carefully before taking conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone.

Take conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it and do not take it for a longer period of time than your doctor ordered. The length of time you take the medicine will depend on the medical problem for which you are taking conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone. Discuss with your doctor how long you will need to take these medicines.

If you are taking the estrogen or progestin hormones in a certain order (i.e., conjugated estrogens tablets followed by conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone tablets), be sure you know in which order you need to take the medicines. If you have questions about this, ask your health care professional.

Nausea may occur during the first few weeks after you start taking estrogens. This effect usually disappears with continued use. If the nausea is bothersome, it can usually be prevented or reduced by taking each dose with food or immediately after food.

Dosing

The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For conjugated estrogens, and conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- To prevent loss of bone (osteoporosis) or for treating itching or dryness of the genital area (atrophy of the vulva), inflammation of the vagina (atrophic vaginitis), or symptoms of menopause:
  - Adults—One tablet (containing 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens) once a day on Days 1 through 14; then, one tablet (containing 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens and 5 mg medroxyprogesterone) once a day on Days 15 through 28. Repeat cycle.

For conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- To prevent loss of bone (osteoporosis) or for treating itching or dryness of the genital area (atrophy of the vulva), inflammation of the vagina (atrophic vaginitis), or symptoms of menopause:
  - Adults—One tablet (containing 0.3 mg conjugated estrogens and 1.5 mg medroxyprogesterone) once a day for twenty-eight days. Repeat cycle. If vaginal bleeding or spotting continues and it is undesired, your doctor may increase your dose to the next highest strength tablet (0.45 mg conjugated estrogens and 1.5 mg medroxyprogesterone). It should be taken once a day for twenty-eight days. Repeat cycle.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone does not cause unwanted effects. Plan on going to see your doctor every year, but some doctors require visits more often.

Although the risk for developing breast problems or breast cancer is low, it is still important that you regularly check your breasts for any unusual lumps or discharge, and report any problems to your doctor. You should also have a mammogram (x-ray pictures of the breasts) and breast examination done by your doctor whenever your doctor recommends it.

If your menstrual periods have stopped, they may start again once you begin taking conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone. This effect will continue for as long as the medicine is taken. However, if taking the continuous treatment (0.625 mg conjugated estrogens and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone once a day), monthly bleeding usually stops within 10 months.

Also, vaginal bleeding between your regular menstrual periods may occur during the first 3 months of use. Do not stop taking your medicine. Check with your doctor if bleeding continues for an unusually long time, if your period has not started within 45 days of your last period, or if you think you are pregnant.

Tell the doctor in charge that you are taking conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone before having any laboratory test, because some test results may be affected.

You may need to stop taking conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone before having some kinds of surgery or while your doctor has ordered a long period of bedrest. Talk with your doctor about this.

conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Healthy women rarely have severe side effects from taking conjugated estrogens or medroxyprogesterone to replace estrogen.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

Itching of the vagina or genital area

menstrual periods beginning again, including changing menstrual bleeding pattern for up to 6 months (spotting, breakthrough bleeding, prolonged or heavier vaginal bleeding, or vaginal bleeding completely stopping by 10 months)

pain during sexual intercourse

thick, white vaginal discharge

Less common

Blurred vision

breast lumps

chest pain

discharge from breast

dizziness

feeling faint, dizzy, or light-headed

feeling of warmth or heat

flushing or redness of skin, especially on face and neck

headache

heavy nonmenstrual vaginal bleeding

pounding in the ears

severe cramping of the uterus

slow or fast heartbeat

sweating

Rare

Change in vaginal discharge

pain or feeling of pressure in pelvis

pain or tenderness in stomach, side, or abdomen

yellow eyes or skin

Incidence not known

Abdominal bloating

acid or sour stomach

belching

backache

full or bloated feeling or pressure in the stomach

heartburn

indigestion

loss of appetite

pelvic pain

stomach discomfort, upset or pain

stomach pain

swelling of abdominal or stomach are

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

Abdominal cramps

back pain

body aches or pain

breast pain or tenderness

congestion

chills

cough

crying

depersonalization

diarrhea

dryness or soreness of throat

dysphoria

enlarged breasts

euphoria

feeling faint, dizzy, or light-headedness

feeling of warmth or heat

fever

flushing or redness of skin, especially on face and neck

general feeling of discomfort or illness

headache, severe and throbbing

hoarseness

increase in amount of clear vaginal discharge

itching

joint pain

lack or loss of strength

mental depression

muscle aches and pains

nausea

pain

pain or tenderness around eyes and cheekbones

painful menstrual periods

painful or difficult urination

paranoia

passing of gas

quick to react or overreact emotionally

rapidly changing moods

runny nose

shivering

shortness of breath or troubled breathing

sneezing

sore throat

stuffy nose

stomach discomfort following meals

tender, swollen glands in neck

tightness of chest or wheezing

trouble sleeping

trouble in swallowing

unusual tiredness

voice changes

vomiting

Less common

Acne

bloating or swelling of face, ankles, or feet

cervix disorder

crying

depersonalization

dysphoria

euphoria

increase in sexual desire

leg cramps

mental depression

paranoia

quick to react or overreact emotionally

rapidly changing moods

sleeplessness

tense muscles

trouble sleeping

unable to sleep

unusual weight gain or loss

Incidence not known

Abdominal cramping

bloody or cloudy urine

bloody vaginal discharge

difficult, burning, or painful urination

frequent urge to urinate

light vaginal bleeding between periods and after intercourse

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone resources

Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone Side Effects (in more detail)
Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone Drug Interactions
Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone Support Group
6 Reviews for Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone - Add your own review/rating

Compare conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone with other medications

Atrophic Urethritis
Atrophic Vaginitis
Oophorectomy
Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal Symptoms
Primary Ovarian Failure

Erythin

Erythin may be available in the countries listed below.

Ingredient matches for Erythin

Erythromycin

Erythromycin is reported as an ingredient of Erythin in the following countries:

Bangladesh

International Drug Name Search

Thursday, 22 September 2016

clorazepate

Generic Name: clorazepate (klor AZ e pate)

Brand Names: Tranxene SD, Tranxene T-Tab

What is clorazepate?

Clorazepate is in a group of drugs called benzodiazepines (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens). Clorazepate affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety or seizures.

Clorazepate is used to treat anxiety disorders, partial seizures, or alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

Clorazepate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about clorazepate?

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to clorazepate or to other benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), or oxazepam (Serax). This medication can cause birth defects in an unborn baby. Do not use clorazepate if you are pregnant.

Before taking clorazepate, tell your doctor if you have any breathing problems, glaucoma, kidney or liver disease, or a history of depression, suicidal thoughts, or addiction to drugs or alcohol.

Video: Treatment for Depression

Treatments for depression are getting better everyday and there are things you can start doing right away.

Do not drink alcohol while taking clorazepate. This medication can increase the effects of alcohol.

Avoid using other medicines that make you sleepy. They can add to sleepiness caused by clorazepate.

Clorazepate may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Clorazepate should never be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking clorazepate?

Do not use this medication if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, or if you are allergic to clorazepate or to other benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), or oxazepam (Serax).

Before taking clorazepate, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

glaucoma;

asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), or other breathing problems;

kidney or liver disease;

epilepsy or other seizure disorder;

a history of depression or suicidal thoughts or behavior; or

a history of drug or alcohol addiction.

If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests during treatment.

Clorazepate can cause birth defects in an unborn baby. Do not use clorazepate without your doctor's consent if you are pregnant. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. Use an effective form of birth control while you are using this medication. Clorazepate can pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

The sedative effects of clorazepate may last longer in older adults. Accidental falls are common in elderly patients who take benzodiazepines. Use caution to avoid falling or accidental injury while you are taking clorazepate.

Do not give this medication to a child younger than 9 years old.

How should I take clorazepate?

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.

Clorazepate should be used for only a short time. Do not take this medication for longer than 4 months without your doctor's advice. Clorazepate may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Clorazepate should never be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. Contact your doctor if this medicine seems to stop working as well in treating your anxiety symptoms. Do not stop using clorazepate suddenly without first talking to your doctor. You may need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely.

Your symptoms may return when you stop using clorazepate after using it over a long period of time. You may also have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using clorazepate. Withdrawal symptoms may include tremor, sweating, trouble sleeping, muscle cramps, stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, memory problems, confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior, and seizure (convulsions).

To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood and liver function may need to be tested on a regular basis. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

Store clorazepate at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

Keep track of how many pills have been used from each new bottle of this medicine. Benzodiazepines are drugs of abuse and you should be aware if any person in the household is using this medicine improperly or without a prescription.

See also: Clorazepate dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An overdose of clorazepate can be fatal.

Overdose symptoms may include extreme drowsiness, feeling light-headed, fainting, or coma.

What should I avoid while taking clorazepate?

Do not drink alcohol while taking clorazepate. This medication can increase the effects of alcohol. Clorazepate can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.

Tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you sleepy (such as cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by clorazepate.

Clorazepate side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

confusion, unusual thoughts or behavior;

depressed mood, thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself;

muscle twitching, tremor; or

problems with urination.

Less serious side effects may include:

drowsiness, tiredness;

amnesia or forgetfulness;

dizziness;

blurred vision;

feeling nervous or irritable;

sleep problems (insomnia);

muscle weakness, lack of balance or coordination;

skin rash;

nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, constipation; or

dry mouth; or

headache.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Clorazepate Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Anxiety:

Initial dose: 15 mg orally once a day at bedtime or 7.5 mg orally twice a day.
Maintenance dose: 15 to 60 mg in divided doses.
Usual dose: 15 mg orally twice a day.

Usual Adult Dose for Alcohol Withdrawal:

Day 1 dose: 30 mg initially, followed by 30 to 60 mg in divided doses.
Day 2 dose: 45 to 90 mg in divided doses.
Day 3 dose: 22.5 to 45 mg in divided doses.
Day 4 dose: 15 to 30 mg in divided doses.
Then, gradually reduce the daily dose to 7.5 to 15 mg. Discontinue drug therapy as soon as patient's condition is stable.
The maximum recommended total daily dose is 90 mg.
Avoid excessive reductions in the total amount of drug administered on successive days.

Usual Adult Dose for Seizure Prophylaxis:

Initial Dose: 7.5 mg orally three times a day.
Maintenance dose: May increase by 7.5 mg every week and should not exceed 90 mg/day.

Usual Geriatric Dose for Anxiety:

Initial dose: 7.5 mg orally once a day at bedtime or 3.75 mg orally twice a day.
Maintenance dose: May increase as needed and tolerated.

Usual Geriatric Dose for Seizure Prophylaxis:

Initial Dose: 3.75 mg orally three times a day.
Maintenance dose: May increase as needed and tolerated.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Seizure Prophylaxis:

9 to less than 13 years: Initial dose: 7.5 mg orally twice a day.
Maintenance dose: May increase by no more than 7.5 mg every week and should not exceed 60 mg/day.

Less than or equal to 13 years: Initial dose: 7.5 mg orally 3 times a day.
Maintenance dose: May increase by no more than 7.5 mg every week and should not exceed 90 mg/day.

What other drugs will affect clorazepate?

Before taking clorazepate, tell your doctor if you are taking any other anti-anxiety medications, or if you are using any of the following drugs:

a barbiturate such as amobarbital (Amytal), butabarbital (Butisol), mephobarbital (Mebaral), secobarbital (Seconal), or phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton);

an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam), or tranylcypromine (Parnate);

medicines to treat psychiatric disorders, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), haloperidol (Haldol), mesoridazine (Serentil), pimozide (Orap), or thioridazine (Mellaril);

narcotic medications such as butorphanol (Stadol), codeine, hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin), levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran), meperidine (Demerol), methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), morphine (Kadian, MS Contin, Oramorph), naloxone (Narcan), oxycodone (OxyContin), propoxyphene (Darvon, Darvocet); or

antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Etrafon), amoxapine (Asendin), citalopram (Celexa), clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Sinequan), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), fluvoxamine (Luvox), imipramine (Janimine, Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), paroxetine (Paxil), protriptyline (Vivactil), sertraline (Zoloft), or trimipramine (Surmontil).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with clorazepate. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

More clorazepate resources

Clorazepate Side Effects (in more detail)
Clorazepate Dosage
Clorazepate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Clorazepate Drug Interactions
Clorazepate Support Group
9 Reviews for Clorazepate - Add your own review/rating

clorazepate Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Clorazepate MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Clorazepate Prescribing Information (FDA)

Clorazepate Dipotassium Monograph (AHFS DI)

Tranxene T-Tab Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare clorazepate with other medications

Alcohol Withdrawal
Anxiety
Seizure Prevention

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about clorazepate.

See also: clorazepate side effects (in more detail)

Clonidine

Class: Central alpha-Agonists
VA Class: CV490
CAS Number: 4205-90-7
Brands: Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Clorpres, Duraclon

Dilution Warning

Concentrate for epidural injection must be diluted prior to administration.¹⁵¹

Obstetric, Postpartum, and Perioperative Pain

Not recommended for obstetric, postpartum, or perioperative pain management.¹⁵¹

Risk of hemodynamic instability, especially hypotension and bradycardia, from epidural use may be unacceptable in these patients.¹⁵¹

Rarely, potential benefits may outweigh possible risks in obstetric, postpartum, or perioperative patients.¹⁵¹

Introduction

Imidazoline-derivative hypotensive agent; selective α₂-adrenergic agonist.¹⁵³

Uses for Clonidine

Hypertension

Used alone or in combination with other classes of antihypertensive agents in the management of hypertension.¹⁸¹ ¹⁸⁵

Thiazide diuretics are considered the preferred initial monotherapy for uncomplicated hypertension by JNC 7.¹⁸¹ ¹⁸⁴ ¹⁸⁵

May be more effective when used with a diuretic.^b

Has been used in conjunction with thiazide diuretics, chlorthalidone, or furosemide, producing a greater reduction in BP than is obtained with either drug alone.^b

Use of a diuretic may aid in overcoming tolerance to clonidine and permit reduction of clonidine dosage.^b

May be useful in some patients unable to tolerate other adrenergic blocking agents because of severe postural hypotension;^b geriatric patients may not tolerate the adverse cognitive effects of central α₂-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine.¹³⁵

Has been used with other hypotensive agents such as hydralazine, reserpine, or methyldopa, permitting a reduction in the dosage of each drug and, in some patients, minimizing adverse effects while maintaining BP control.^b

Transdermal clonidine has been effective in many patients for the management of mild to moderate hypertension when used alone¹⁰⁶ ¹⁰⁷ ¹⁰⁸ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁷ ¹¹⁸ or in combination with an oral thiazide diuretic.¹⁰⁶ ¹¹⁰ ¹¹⁵ ¹¹⁸

Transdermal clonidine has been successfully substituted for oral clonidine hydrochloride in mild to moderate hypertension.¹⁰⁶ ¹¹⁰ ¹¹⁵

Role of transdermal versus oral therapy remains to be more fully evaluated;¹⁰⁵ ¹⁰⁶ ¹⁰⁷ ¹⁰⁸ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁰ ¹¹⁵ ¹¹⁶ ¹¹⁷ ¹¹⁸ transdermal therapy may prove to be convenient (e.g., in those in whom compliance with a daily dosing regimen may be a problem),¹¹⁰ ¹¹⁶ ¹³⁵ ¹³⁶ but adverse dermatologic reactions occur frequently.¹⁰⁵ ¹⁰⁸ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁵ ¹¹⁶ ¹¹⁷

The principal goal of preventing and treating hypertension is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality, including target organ damage.¹⁶⁷ ¹⁸³ ¹⁸⁴ The higher the baseline BP, the more likely the development of MI, heart failure, stroke, and renal disease.¹⁶⁷ ¹⁸³ ¹⁸⁴

Effective antihypertensive therapy reduces the risk of stroke by about 34–40%, MI by about 20–25%, and heart failure by more than 50%.¹⁶⁷ ¹⁷³ ¹⁸⁴ ¹⁹⁰

Antihypertensive drug therapy is recommended for all patients with SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg who fail to respond to lifestyle/behavioral modifications.¹⁶⁷

Initial antihypertensive therapy with drugs generally is recommended for anyone with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal impairment, or heart failure having SBP ≥130 mm Hg or DBP ≥80 mm Hg.¹⁸¹ ¹⁸² ¹⁸⁴ ¹⁸⁹ ¹⁹¹

Hypertensive Crises

Oral clonidine, including loading-dose regimens, has been effective in rapidly reducing BP in patients with severe hypertension when reduction of BP was considered urgent (i.e., hypertensive urgency†), but not requiring emergency treatment.^b

Hypertensive urgencies† are those situations in which it is desirable to reduce BP within a few hours.¹³⁵ ¹⁸⁵

Avoid excessive falls in BP since they may precipitate renal, cerebral, or coronary ischemia.¹²⁵ ¹³⁵

Recommended by some experts to be administered orally for rapidly reducing BP in pediatric patients 1–17 years of age when reduction of BP is considered a hypertensive urgency† or in some hypertensive emergencies†.¹⁸⁷

Has been used IV† in the management of acute hypertensive crisis† and in hypertensive episodes during labor†, as well as IM† or sub-Q† in the management of late-onset toxemia of pregnancy†, with satisfactory results; however, other antihypertensives are preferred.¹⁸⁵

Pain

Used epidurally as adjunctive therapy in combination with opiates in the management of severe cancer pain that is not relieved by opiate analgesics alone.¹⁵¹ ¹⁵⁵

Epidural analgesia should be considered only when maximum tolerated doses of opiate and adjunct analgesics administered by other routes (e.g., oral, transdermal, sub-Q, IV) fail to relieve pain.¹⁴⁵ ¹⁵⁵

Epidural clonidine is more likely to be effective in patients with neuropathic pain rather than somatic or visceral pain.¹⁵¹ ¹⁵⁵

Opiate Dependence

Has been used safely and effectively for rapid detoxification in the management of opiate withdrawal in opiate-dependent individuals†, in both inpatient and outpatient settings.^b

Exact role and its efficacy compared with other methods of detoxification (e.g., methadone) remain to be clearly determined.^b

Appears to be most useful as a transitional treatment between opiate dependence† and administration of the opiate antagonist naltrexone.^b

May be especially useful when detoxification using methadone is inappropriate, unsuccessful, or unavailable.^b

Alcohol Dependence

Has been used in conjunction with benzodiazepines for the management of alcohol withdrawal†.¹⁴⁸ ¹⁴⁹ ¹⁵⁰

May be effective in reducing symptoms of the hyperadrenergic state associated with alcohol withdrawal†, including elevated BP, increased heart rate, tremor, sweating, and anxiety.¹⁴⁸ ¹⁵⁴

Has not been shown to prevent delirium or seizures, and should be used only as an adjunct to benzodiazepines (not as monotherapy) for the management of alcohol withdrawal†.¹⁴⁹ ¹⁵⁰ ¹⁵⁴

Smoking Cessation

Used for the management of nicotine (tobacco) dependence†.¹⁶⁷

Nicotine dependence† is a chronic relapsing disorder that requires ongoing assessment and often repeated intervention.¹⁶⁷

US Public Health Service (USPHS) currently recommends clonidine as a second-line drug† for use under the supervision of a clinician.¹⁶⁷

Second-line pharmacotherapy (e.g., clonidine, nortriptyline, combined therapy with 2 forms of nicotine replacement) is of a more limited role than first-line pharmacotherapy (i.e., bupropion [as extended-release tablets], nicotine polacrilex gum, transdermal nicotine, nicotine nasal spray, nicotine nasal inhaler) in part because of more concerns about potential adverse effects with second-line drugs than with first-line drugs.¹⁶⁷

Use of second-line pharmacotherapy should be considered after first-line pharmacotherapy was attempted or considered and should be individualized based on patient considerations.¹⁶⁷

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Has been used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder† (ADHD).¹⁶¹ ¹⁶² ¹⁶³ ¹⁶⁴

Produces a moderate reduction in symptoms of ADHD†;¹⁶³ stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) remain the drugs of choice for the management of ADHD because of their greater efficacy compared with that of other drugs (e.g., clonidine).¹⁶¹ ¹⁶² ¹⁶⁸ ¹⁶⁹ ¹⁷⁰ ¹⁷¹ ¹⁷² ¹⁷³ ¹⁷⁴ ¹⁷⁵ ¹⁷⁶

Generally, has been shown to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of core symptoms of ADHD†, but the magnitude of its effects is lower than with stimulants and efficacy has been established mainly in children with ADHD and comorbid conditions (motor tics in patients with Tourette’s syndrome), especially sleep disturbances.¹⁶¹ ¹⁶⁴ ¹⁷⁸

Use in pediatric patients for the treatment of ADHD† usually is not recommended without such comorbid psychiatric disorders due to current lack of evidence establishing safety and efficacy.¹⁶¹

Pheochromocytoma

Not indicated in the treatment of pheochromocytoma†; however, unlike reserpine and guanethidine, it does not cause acute cardiovascular collapse in patients with this condition.^b

Has been used as an aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma† in hypertensive patients with suggestive symptoms and borderline catecholamine values; plasma norepinephrine concentration generally is unchanged following administration of a single oral dose of clonidine in pheochromocytoma, while decrease in plasma norepinephrine concentration occurs with sympathetic hyperactivity.^b

Migraine Headaches

Has been used in the prophylaxis of migraine headaches†, but efficacy for this condition is questionable.¹⁵⁸

Dysmenorrhea

Has been used for the treatment of severe dysmenorrhea†.

Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause

Has been used orally and transdermally for the management of vasomotor symptoms† (e.g., hot flashes) associated with menopause.¹⁵⁹ ¹⁶⁰

May improve the severity and frequency of vasomotor symptoms†, albeit modestly; however, required dosages (exceeding the equivalent of 0.1 mg daily administered orally) may result in increased and, sometimes, intolerable adverse effects.¹⁵⁹

Use for management of vasomotor symptoms† mainly in postmenopausal women in whom estrogen replacement therapy is contraindicated or in those with preexisting hypertension.¹⁵⁹ ¹⁶⁰

Glaucoma

Has been used topically† to reduce IOP in the treatment of open-angle† (chronic simple) and secondary glaucoma† and hemorrhagic glaucoma associated with hypertension†.^b

Diarrhea

Has been used with some success in a limited number of patients for the management of diarrhea† of various etiologies (e.g., narcotic bowel syndrome, idiopathic diarrhea associated wtih diabetes).^b

Clonidine Dosage and Administration

Administration

Administer orally, by epidural infusion, or percutaneously by topical application of a transdermal system.^b

Oral Administration

Administer the last dose of the day immediately before retiring to ensure overnight BP control.^b

Transdermal Administration

Expose the adhesive surface of the system by peeling and discarding the clear plastic protective strip prior to administration.¹⁰¹

Apply the transdermal system topically to a dry, hairless area of intact skin on the upper arm or chest by firmly pressing the system with the adhesive side touching the skin.¹⁰¹

Apply an adhesive cover directly over the system to ensure good adhesion if the system becomes loose during the period of use.¹⁰¹

Development of isolated mild localized skin irritation before completion of the intended period of use warrants removal and replacement with a new system at a different application site.¹⁰¹

Apply each transdermal system at a different site to minimize and/or prevent potential skin irritation¹⁰¹ (e.g., systems may be applied progressively across the arms and chest in one direction or the other).¹⁰⁴

Epidural Administration

Specialized techniques are required for continuous epidural administration.¹¹⁵

Limit epidural administration to qualified individuals familiar with the techniques and patient management problems associated with this route of administration.¹⁵¹

Screen to ensure adequate response to epidural therapy prior to the implantation of a permanent controlled infusion device.¹⁴⁵

Only use chronically when adequate pain relief cannot be achieved with less invasive therapies.¹⁴⁵

Discard partially used vials of the drug.¹⁵¹

Dilution

The concentrate for injection containing 500 mcg/mL must be diluted prior to administration.¹⁵¹

Dilute in sodium chloride 0.9% injection to a final concentration of 100 mcg/mL.¹⁵¹

Use a controlled-infusion device for continuous epidural infusion.¹⁵¹

Substantial decreases in BP may be associated with infusion into the upper thoracic spinal segments.¹⁵¹

Administration above the C4 dermatome is contraindicated because of inadequate safety data supporting such use.¹⁵¹

Carefully monitor the infusion pump function and inspect the catheter tubing for obstruction or dislodgement to reduce the risk of inadvertent abrupt withdrawal of the epidural infusion.¹⁵¹

Dosage

Tablets: Available as clonidine hydrochloride. Dosage expressed in terms of clonidine hydrochloride.

Transdermal: Available as clonidine. Dosage expressed in terms of clonidine.

Epidural: Available as clonidine hydrochloride. Dosage expressed in terms of clonidine hydrochloride.

Discontinuation of oral therapy requires slow dosage reduction over a period of 2–4 days to avoid the possible precipitation of the withdrawal syndrome.^b (See Withdrawal Effects under Cautions.)

Pediatric Patients

Hypertension

Oral

Children ≥12 years of age: 0.1 mg twice daily.¹¹⁴ ¹⁸⁷ Increase dosage by 0.1 mg daily at weekly intervals until the desired response is achieved.¹¹⁴

Maintenance: 0.2–0.6 mg daily in divided doses.¹¹⁴ Manufacturers report 2.4 mg daily to be the maximum effective dosage.¹¹⁴ ¹⁸⁷

Transdermal

Children ≥12 years of age: Initially, apply one system delivering 0.1 mg/24 hours once every 7 days.¹⁰¹ ¹⁸⁸

Increase initial dosage by using 2 systems delivering 0.1 mg/24 hours or a larger dosage system if the desired reduction in BP is not achieved after 1–2 weeks;¹⁸⁸ subsequent dosage adjustments may be made at weekly intervals.¹⁸⁸

Dosages exceeding 0.6 mg/24 hours (2 systems each delivering 0.3 mg/24 hours) usually are not associated with additional efficacy.¹⁸⁸

Gradually reduce dosage of other hypotensive agents when transdermal therapy is initiated since the hypotensive effect of transdermal clonidine may not begin until 2–3 days after application of the initial system; the other hypotensive agents may have to be continued, particularly in patients with more severe hypertension.¹⁸⁸

Pain

Epidural

Initially, 0.5 mcg/kg of body weight per hour.¹⁵¹

Adjust cautiously based on clinical response.¹⁵¹

Hypertensive Crises†

Hypertensive Emergencies†

Oral

Children 1–17 years of age: Initially for some hypertensive emergencies: 0.05–0.1 mg, may repeat up to maximum of 0.8 mg.¹⁸⁷

Hypertensive Urgencies†

Oral

Children 1–17 years of age: Initially, 0.05–0.1 mg, may repeat up to maximum of 0.8 mg.¹⁸⁷

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder†

Oral

Initially, 0.05 mg daily given as a single dose at bedtime.¹⁶²

Increase cautiously over a period of 2–4 weeks as needed, in order to minimize development of adverse effects (e.g., sedation).¹⁶²

Maintenance: 0.05–0.4 mg daily (depending on tolerance and patient’s weight).¹⁶² Usually, give the maximum tolerated dosage for 2–8 weeks in order to assess treatment response, although the onset of action of clonidine may be more variable than that associated with stimulants or antidepressants.¹⁶²

According to the AHA, ECG monitoring is not required in pediatric patients receiving clonidine for ADHD;¹⁶² however, some experts recommend weekly office visits during clonidine titration period to monitor both erect and supine BP and heart rate.¹⁶²

Adults

Hypertension

Adjust dosage according to the patient’s BP response and tolerance.^b

Minimize adverse effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth by increasing dosage gradually and/or taking the larger portion of the daily dose at bedtime.^b

Tolerance to the antihypertensive effect may develop, necessitating increased dosage or concomitant use of a diuretic to enhance the hypotensive response to the drug.^b

BP Monitoring and Treatment Goals

Carefully monitor BP during initial titration or subsequent upward adjustment in dosage.¹³⁵ ¹⁸¹

Avoid large or abrupt reductions in BP.¹³⁵

Adjust dosage at approximately monthly intervals (more aggressively in high-risk patients [stage 2 hypertension, comorbid conditions]) if BP control is inadequate at a given dosage; it may take months to control hypertension adequately while avoiding adverse effects of therapy.¹³⁵ ¹⁸¹

SBP is the principal clinical end point, especially in middle-aged and geriatric patients.¹⁵⁶ ¹⁵⁷ ¹⁸¹ Once the goal SBP is attained, the goal DBP usually is achieved.¹⁸¹

The goal is to achieve and maintain a lifelong SBP <140 mm Hg and a DBP <90 mm Hg if tolerated.¹³⁵ ¹⁸¹ ¹⁸³

The goal in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment is to achieve and maintain a SBP <130 mm Hg and a DBP <80 mm Hg.¹³⁵ ¹⁶⁵ ¹⁸¹ ¹⁸² ¹⁸³

Monotherapy

Oral

Initially, 0.1 mg twice daily.¹¹⁴ Geriatric patients may benefit from a lower initial dosage of 0.05 mg twice daily.^b

Most clinicians have reported satisfactory results with administration of the drug in 2 or 3 divided doses daily.¹²⁵ ¹³⁵

Increase dosage by 0.1 mg daily at weekly intervals until the desired response is achieved.¹¹⁴ Manufacturers report 2.4 mg daily to be the maximum effective dosage.¹¹⁴

Usual dosage, per JNC 7 guidelines: 0.05–0.4 mg twice daily.¹⁸¹

Transdermal

Initiate with one system delivering 0.1 mg/24 hours applied once every 7 days.¹⁰¹ ¹⁸¹

Initiate therapy with this initial dosage in all patients, including those who had been receiving oral therapy, due to interpatient variability; titrate initial dosage subsequently according to individual requirements;¹⁰¹ ¹⁰⁵

Increase initial dosage by using 2 systems delivering 0.1 mg/24 hours or a larger dosage system if the desired reduction in BP is not achieved after 1–2 weeks;¹⁰¹ subsequent dosage adjustments may be made at weekly intervals.¹⁰⁷ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁰

Usual dosage, per JNC 7 guidelines: 0.1–0.3 mg/24 hours applied once every 7 days.¹⁸¹

Dosages exceeding 0.6 mg/24 hours (2 systems each delivering 0.3 mg/24 hours) usually are not associated with additional efficacy.¹⁰¹

Consider continuing the usual oral dosage the first day the initial transdermal system is applied when transdermal therapy is initiated in patients who have been receiving low dosages of oral clonidine.¹⁰⁵

Combination Therapy

Oral

Preparations containing clonidine hydrochloride in fixed combination with chlorthalidone should not be used initially.^b

Adjust dosage initially by administering each drug separately.^b

Fixed combination may be used if it is determined that the optimum maintenance dosage corresponds to the ratio in a commercial combination preparation; administer each drug separately whenever dosage adjustment is necessary.^b

Smaller than usual dosages of clonidine hydrochloride may be adequate in patients who are also receiving diuretics or other hypotensive drugs.^b

Hypertensive Crises†

IV

IV injection† in sodium chloride 0.9% injection: 0.15–0.3 mg administered over a period of 5 minutes.

Hypertensive Emergencies†¹¹⁹ ¹²⁸

Initial goal: Reduce mean arterial BP by no more than 25% within minutes to 1 hour, followed by further reduction if stable toward 160/100 to 110 mm Hg within the next 2–6 hours, avoiding excessive declines in pressure that could precipitate renal, cerebral, or coronary ischemia.¹³⁵

If this BP is well tolerated and the patient is clinically stable, further gradual reductions toward normal can be implemented in the next 24–48 hours.¹⁸⁵

Reduce SBP to <100 mm Hg if tolerated in patients with aortic dissection.¹⁸⁵

Hypertensive Urgencies†

Oral

Initial dose: 0.1–0.2 mg, followed by hourly doses of 0.05–0.2 mg until a total dose of 0.5–0.7 mg has been given or DBP is controlled.¹¹⁹ ¹²⁸

Avoid excessive falls in BP since they may precipitate renal, cerebral, or coronary ischemia.¹²⁵ ¹³⁵

Observe patient for several hours after last dose and ensure follow-up within 1 to a few days.¹⁸⁵

Maintenance dose: Adjust according to the patient’s response and tolerance.¹¹⁹

Pain

Severe Intractable Cancer Pain Unresponsive to Epidural or Spinal Opiates, or Conventional Analgesia

Epidural

Initial dosage: 30 mcg/hour, administered by continuous epidural infusion.¹⁵¹

Adjust dose based on clinical response and tolerance; however, clinical experience with infusion rates exceeding 40 mcg/hour is limited.¹⁵¹

Monitor closely, particularly during the first few days of epidural clonidine therapy.¹⁵¹

Opiate Dependence†

Various dosage regimens have been used.^b

Carefully individualize dosage according to patient response and tolerance, and closely monitor and supervise.^b

May be difficult or impossible to establish a dosage regimen that adequately suppresses withdrawal without producing intolerable adverse effects because of varying sensitivity to clonidine’s sedative, hypotensive, and withdrawal-suppressing effects.

Oral

Initial Test Dose: 0.005 or 0.006 mg/kg; if signs and symptoms of withdrawal are suppressed, then give an oral dosage of 0.017 mg/kg daily, in 3 or 4 divided doses, generally for about 10 days.^b

Initial Oral Dosage, Alternatively: 0.1 mg 3 or 4 times daily, with dosage adjusted by 0.1–0.2 mg per day according to the patient's response and tolerance.^b

Dosage usually ranges from 0.3–1.2 mg daily.^b

Discontinuing Therapy: Dosage has been reduced by increments of 50% per day for 3 days and then discontinued, or reduced by 0.1–0.2 mg daily.^b

Alcohol Dependence†

Optimal dosages have not been established.^b

Oral

0.5 mg twice or 3 times daily has reduced tremor, heart rate, and BP in alcohol withdrawal.¹⁵⁴

Smoking Cessation†

Optimal dosages have not been established and various regimens have been employed.¹⁶⁷

Oral

Initial dosage: Typically, 0.1 mg twice daily;¹⁶⁷ initiate therapy on the day set as the date of cessation of smoking or shortly before this date (e.g., up to 3 days prior).¹⁶⁷

May increase dosage each week by 0.1 mg daily, if needed.¹⁶⁷

Transdermal

Initial dosage: Typically, one system delivering 0.1 mg/24 hours applied once every 7 days;¹⁶⁷ intiate therapy on the day set as the date of cessation of smoking or shortly before this date (e.g., up to 3 days prior).¹⁶⁷

May increase dose at weekly intervals by 0.1 mg/24 hours, if needed.¹⁶⁷

Pheochromocytoma, Diagnostic Use†

Oral

Administer a single 0.3-mg dose.^b

Interpretation

Patient rests in the supine position for 30 minutes, after which time, 2 blood samples for baseline determination of catecholamine concentrations are drawn at 5-minute intervals.^b Administer the 0.3-mg dose; blood samples for catecholamine determinations are drawn at hourly intervals for 3 hours.^b

Patients with Pheochromocytoma: Plasma norepinephrine concentrations generally remain unchanged following administration of clonidine.^b

Patients without Pheochromocytoma: plasma norepinephrine concentrations generally decrease.^b

Migraine Headache Prophylaxis†

Oral

Usually, 0.025 mg 2–4 times daily or up to 0.15 mg daily in divided doses.^b

Dysmenorrhea†

Oral

Usually, 0.025 mg twice daily for 14 days before and during menses.^b

Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause†

Oral

Usually, 0.025–0.2 mg twice daily.^b

Transdermal

Apply one transdermal system delivering 0.1 mg/24 hours once every 7 days.¹⁶⁰

Glaucoma†

Topical

0.125, 0.25, or 0.5% ophthalmic solutions have been used; alternatively, 0.1% ophthalmic ointment; 0.25% solution appears to provide maximum effectiveness with minimum adverse effects.^b

Special Populations

Renal Impairment

Smaller than usual doses may be adequate in patients with renal impairment. Adjust dosage according to the degree of renal impairment.^b

Cl_cr ≥10 mL/minute: Dosage adjustment does not appear necessary.¹²²

Cl_cr <10 mL/minute: Give 50–75% of the usual dosage.¹²²

Supplemental doses after hemodialysis are not necessary.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ ¹²² ¹⁵¹

Geriatric Patients

May benefit from lower initial dosages of 0.05 mg twice daily for the management of hypertension.¹⁸⁶

Cautions for Clonidine

Contraindications

Epidural drug administration is contraindicated in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, in those with a bleeding diathesis, and in the presence of an injection site infection.¹⁵¹

Epidural administration above the C4 dermatome is contraindicated because of inadequate safety data supporting such use.¹⁵¹

Known hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredient or component in the formulation.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ ¹⁵¹

Epidural administration also is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in patients who are hemodynamically unstable.¹⁵¹

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Withdrawal Effects

Risk of rebound hypertension if doses are missed or drug is stopped abruptly.^b

Abrupt withdrawal may result in a rapid increase of systolic and diastolic BPs, with associated symptoms such as nervousness, agitation, confusion, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, headache, sweating, palpitation, increased heart rate, tremor, hiccups, stomach pains, nausea, muscle pains, and increased salivation.^b

Withdrawal syndrome (reported in about 1% of patients receiving oral clonidine) is more pronounced after abrupt cessation of long-term therapy than after short-term (1–2 months) therapy, and has usually been associated with previous administration of high oral dosages (>1.2 mg daily) and/or with continuation of concomitant β-adrenergic blocking therapy.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁵ ^b

Risk of adverse effects following abrupt discontinuance may be increased in patients with a history of hypertension and/or other underlying cardiovascular conditions.¹⁵¹

When discontinued abruptly, symptoms such as restlessness and headache may begin to appear 2–3 hours after a dose is missed and BP may increase substantially within 8–24 hours.^b

Discontinuing Therapy

Taper withdrawal over 2–4 days when discontinuing oral or epidural clonidine therapy to prevent or minimize a rapid rise in BP.¹⁰¹ ¹⁵¹

Tapered withdrawal of transdermal clonidine¹²⁰ ¹²³ or initiation of a tapered oral regimen ¹²³ is recommended when the transdermal dosage form is discontinued,¹²⁰ ¹²³ particularly in geriatric patients.¹²⁰

Discontinue the β-adrenergic blocker several days before clonidine therapy is discontinued if patient is receiving clonidine and a β-adrenergic blocking agent concomitantly.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ ¹⁵¹

Discontinuing Therapy in Surgery

Generally, do not interrupt for surgery. Transdermal therapy can be continued throughout the perioperative period and oral therapy should be continued to within 4 hours before surgery.^b

BP should be carefully monitored during surgery and additional measures to control BP should be available if necessary.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴

If surgery requires discontinuation, administer parenteral antihypertensive therapy as necessary, and resume clonidine therapy as soon as possible.^b

If transdermal therapy is initiated during the perioperative period, it must be kept in mind that therapeutic plasma clonidine concentrations are not achieved until 2–3 days after initial application of the transdermal system.

Defibrillation and Cardioversion

Remove transdermal systems from the site(s) of application prior to attempting defibrillation or cardioversion since altered electrical conductivity and enhanced potential for electrical arcing may occur.¹⁰¹ ¹²¹

Transdermal Dosage Form Handling

Even after use, the transdermal system contains active medication that may be harmful if accidentally applied or ingested by infants or children.¹²⁷

Handle the used transdermal system carefully (e.g., fold the system in half with the sticky sides together) and dispose of the system out of the reach of children.¹⁰¹ ¹²⁶ ¹²⁷

Epidural Therapy

Only indicated for severe cancer pain that has failed to respond to an adequate trial with opiate analgesics.¹⁵¹

Limit continuous epidural administration to qualified individuals familiar with the techniques of administration and patient management problems associated with this route of administration.¹⁴⁵ ¹⁵¹

Inform patients to notify a clinician immediately in case of inadvertent interruption of epidural clonidine.¹⁵¹

Pain Therapy

Not recommended for the epidural management of obstetric, postpartum, or perioperative pain.¹⁵¹

Epidural Infusion Pump

Careful monitoring of infusion pump function and inspection of catheter tubing for obstruction or dislodgement is recommended to reduce the risk of accidental abrupt withdrawal of epidural clonidine.¹⁵¹

Use with caution in patients with severe coronary insufficiency, recent MI, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal failure, Raynaud’s disease, or thromboangiitis obliterans.^b

Depressive Episodes

Carefully supervise patients with a history of mental depression as they may be subject to further depressive episodes.^b

CNS Effects

Performance of activities requiring mental alertness and physical coordination may be impaired.^b Concurrent use of other CNS depressants may cause additive or potentiated CNS depression.¹⁰¹ ¹⁵¹

BP Decrease in Nonhypertensive Patients

Consider BP lowering effects in patients receiving the drug for conditions other than hypertension (e.g., smoking cessation, pain management, ADHD), and monitor BP as appropriate.¹⁵¹ ¹⁶² ¹⁶⁷

Rebound hypertension and other withdrawal effects should be considered when the drug is discontinued in such patients; abrupt discontinuance should be avoided.¹⁶⁷

Ocular Effects

Perform periodic eye examinations in patients receiving the drug.^b

Sensitivity Reactions

Rash

Development of a localized contact sensitization to clonidine with transdermal therapy may be associated with development of a generalized rash with subsequent administration of oral clonidine hydrochloride.¹⁰¹

Patients receiving transdermal therapy who develop an allergic reaction to clonidine that extends beyond the local application site (e.g., generalized rash, urticaria, angioedema) are at risk of developing a similar reaction with oral therapy.¹⁰¹

General Precautions

Transdermal Rash and Adhesion

Moderate to severe erythema and/or localized vesicle formation can occur at the site of transdermal application.¹⁰¹ Generalized rash also can occur.¹⁰¹ (See Advice to Patients.)

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category C.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ ¹⁵¹

Smoking cessation programs consisting of behavioral and educational rather than pharmacologic interventions should be tried in pregnant women before drug therapy is considered.¹⁶⁷

Smoking cessation therapy with clonidine, which is a second-line agent, should be used during pregnancy only if the increased likelihood of smoking cessation, with its potential benefits, justifies the potential risk to the fetus and patient of clonidine and possible continued smoking, and first-line pharmacotherapy (e.g., bupropion, nicotine replacement) has failed.¹⁶⁷

Lactation

Distributed into milk.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ ¹⁶⁷ Use the oral or transdermal preparation with caution in nursing women.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ ¹⁶⁷

Discontinue nursing or the epidural formulation, taking into account the importance of the drug to the woman.¹⁵¹

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy of oral clonidine hydrochloride and clonidine transdermal system for the management of hypertension in children <12 years of age have not been established.^b ¹⁰¹ Safe use of oral clonidine hydrochloride for the management of ADHD in children has not been established, but clinical studies are currently under way to determine safety and efficacy.^b

Safety and efficacy of epidural clonidine have been established in pediatric patients who are old enough to tolerate placement and management of an epidural catheter, based on evidence from adequate, well-controlled studies in adults and experience with the use of clonidine in pediatric patients for other indications.¹⁵¹

Use epidural clonidine only in pediatric patients with severe, intractable cancer pain that is unresponsive to epidural or spinal opiates and to other conventional analgesic therapy.¹⁵¹

Clonidine overdosage may be more likely to cause CNS depression in children, and signs of toxicity have occurred with doses as low as 0.1 mg.¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁴ Rarely, toxicity in children has been associated with accidental or deliberate mouthing or ingestion of transdermal systems.¹⁰¹

Children commonly have GI illnesses leading to frequent vomiting and may be more susceptible to hypertensive episodes resulting from inability to ingest oral clonidone.¹¹⁴

Common Adverse Effects

Oral therapy

Adverse effects occurring most frequently and which appear to be dose-related are dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness and sedation, and constipation.^b Headache, fatigue, and weakness also reported.^b

Generally, these adverse effects tend to be mild, and diminish with continued therapy or may be relieved by a reduction in dosage.

Transdermal therapy

Adverse effects generally appear to be similar to those occurring with oral therapy;¹⁰¹ ¹⁰⁵ ¹⁰⁶ ¹⁰⁷ ¹⁰⁸ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁰ ¹¹⁵ ¹¹⁶ ¹¹⁷ however, adverse systemic effects with transdermal clonidine appear to be less severe and possibly may occur less frequently than with oral therapy.¹⁰¹ ¹⁰⁵ ¹⁰⁶ ¹⁰⁷ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁰ ¹¹⁵ ¹¹⁶ ¹¹⁷

Most frequently occurring adverse effects have been dry mouth, drowsiness, and local adverse dermatologic effects.¹⁰¹ ¹⁰⁸ ¹⁰⁹ ¹¹⁵ ¹¹⁶ ¹¹⁷

Interactions for Clonidine

Specific Drugs

Drug	Interaction	Comments
Anesthetics, local (epidural)	Epidural clonidine may prolong the duration of the pharmacologic effects, including both sensory and motor blockade of epidural local anesthetics¹⁵¹	Use concomitantly with caution
Antidepressants, MAO inhibitors	See MAO inhibitors
Antidepressants, tricyclic (imipramine, desipramine)	May inhibit the hypotensive effect of clonidine. The increase in BP usually occurs during the second week of tricyclic antidepressant therapy, but occasionally may occur during the first several days of concomitant therapy^b Clonidine withdrawal may result in an excess of circulating catecholamines; therefore, caution should be exercised in concomitant use of drugs that affect the tissue uptake of these amines

Wednesday, 28 September 2016

Ingredient matches for Mimor

Ingredient matches for Prazidec

Tuesday, 27 September 2016

Clotrimazole Inserts are used for:

Do NOT use Clotrimazole Inserts if:

Before using Clotrimazole Inserts:

How to use Clotrimazole Inserts:

Important safety information:

Possible side effects of Clotrimazole Inserts:

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

General information:

More Clotrimazole resources

Compare Clotrimazole with other medications

Ingredient matches for Fluinol Spray Nasal Acuoso

Ingredient matches for Cetlertec

Ingredient matches for Sulfona

Ingredient matches for Anvistat

Ingredient matches for Tronheim

Ingredient matches for K-Nase

Monday, 26 September 2016

What are Cenogen Ultra (prenatal multivitamins)?

What is the most important information I should know about prenatal vitamins?

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking prenatal vitamins?

How should I take prenatal vitamins?

What happens if I miss a dose?

What happens if I overdose?

What should I avoid while taking prenatal vitamins?

Prenatal vitamins side effects

What other drugs will affect prenatal vitamins?

More Cenogen Ultra resources

Compare Cenogen Ultra with other medications

Where can I get more information?

Scheme

ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification)

CAS registry number (Chemical Abstracts Service)

Chemical Formula

Molecular Weight

Therapeutic Categories

Chemical Names

Foreign Names

Generic Names

Brand Names

What is clotrimazole?

What is the most important information I should know about clotrimazole?

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking clotrimazole?

How should I take clotrimazole?

What happens if I miss a dose?

What happens if I overdose?

What should I avoid while taking clotrimazole?

Clotrimazole side effects

Clotrimazole Dosing Information

What other drugs will affect clotrimazole?

More clotrimazole resources

Compare clotrimazole with other medications

Where can I get more information?

Friday, 23 September 2016

CeraLyte Powder Packets are used for:

Do NOT use CeraLyte Powder Packets if:

Before using CeraLyte Powder Packets:

How to use CeraLyte Powder Packets:

Important safety information:

Possible side effects of CeraLyte Powder Packets:

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

General information:

More CeraLyte resources

Commonly used brand name(s)

Uses For conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Before Using conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Allergies

Geriatric

Pregnancy

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Other Medical Problems

Proper Use of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone

Dosing

Missed Dose

Storage